diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/_helpers.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/_helpers.ts
index 6286074cd..d4b3d8cc2 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/_helpers.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/core/storage/repos/_helpers.ts
@@ -46,16 +46,34 @@ export function nullable<T>(v: T | undefined): T | null {
   return v === undefined ? null : v;
 }
 
+/**
+ * Hard upper bound for explicitly requested page sizes. Callers that need
+ * bulk windows (e.g. `metrics()` loads 10_000 traces for the viewer's
+ * "memory writes per day" chart, world-model maintenance scans 100_000
+ * rows) must actually receive what they ask for. The previous
+ * `Math.min(n, 500)` silently rewrote every explicit request to the
+ * default page size, which truncated the viewer's analytics to the newest
+ * 500 traces and undercounted `sessions` / `embeddings` (#2401).
+ *
+ * This ceiling is for trusted in-process bulk reads. Untrusted input
+ * (HTTP query params, agent tool args) must be bounded at the API
+ * boundary — see `MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT` in `server/routes/params.ts`.
+ */
+export const MAX_QUERY_LIMIT = 100_000;
+
+/** Default page size when a caller omits `limit`. */
+export const DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE = 500;
+
 export function buildPageClauses(opts: PageOptions | undefined, tsColumn: string): string {
   const newestFirst = opts?.newestFirst !== false;
-  const limit = clampLimit(opts?.limit ?? 500);
+  const limit = clampLimit(opts?.limit ?? DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE);
   const offset = Math.max(opts?.offset ?? 0, 0);
   return `ORDER BY ${tsColumn} ${newestFirst ? "DESC" : "ASC"} LIMIT ${limit} OFFSET ${offset}`;
 }
 
 export function clampLimit(n: number): number {
-  if (!Number.isFinite(n) || n <= 0) return 500;
-  return Math.min(Math.trunc(n), 500);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(n) || n <= 0) return DEFAULT_PAGE_SIZE;
+  return Math.min(Math.trunc(n), MAX_QUERY_LIMIT);
 }
 
 export function timeRangeWhere(
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/api-logs.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/api-logs.ts
index 6738cc138..fe5d57701 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/api-logs.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/api-logs.ts
@@ -14,15 +14,14 @@
  *   { logs: ApiLogDTO[], total: number, limit, offset, nextOffset? }
  */
 import type { ServerDeps } from "../types.js";
+import { parseLimitParam } from "./params.js";
 import type { Routes } from "./registry.js";
 
 export function registerApiLogsRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
   routes.set("GET /api/v1/api-logs", async (ctx) => {
     const params = ctx.url.searchParams;
-    const parsedLimit = Number(params.get("limit"));
+    const limit = parseLimitParam(params.get("limit"));
     const parsedOffset = Number(params.get("offset"));
-    const limit =
-      Number.isFinite(parsedLimit) && parsedLimit > 0 ? parsedLimit : 50;
     const offset =
       Number.isFinite(parsedOffset) && parsedOffset >= 0 ? parsedOffset : 0;
     const tool = params.get("tool") || undefined;
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/params.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/params.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..0990e8ba5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/params.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+/**
+ * Upper bound for a page size taken from UNTRUSTED input (HTTP query
+ * params, agent tool args). Storage-level `clampLimit` honors explicit
+ * limits up to `MAX_QUERY_LIMIT` for trusted in-process bulk reads
+ * (#2401), so every route that forwards a caller-supplied `limit` into a
+ * core/repo list call must cap it here first. 500 matches the effective
+ * ceiling these endpoints had before that change.
+ */
+export const MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT = 500;
+
+/**
+ * Parse a `limit` query parameter into a safe page size.
+ *
+ * - missing / non-numeric / non-positive → `fallback` (50 by default)
+ * - values above `MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT` are clamped to it
+ */
+export function parseLimitParam(
+  raw: string | null,
+  fallback = 50,
+): number {
+  const parsed = Number(raw);
+  if (!Number.isFinite(parsed) || parsed <= 0) return fallback;
+  return Math.min(Math.trunc(parsed), MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT);
+}
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/policies.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/policies.ts
index 14b236cf2..47e209bcb 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/policies.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/policies.ts
@@ -21,6 +21,7 @@
  */
 import type { PolicyDTO } from "../../agent-contract/dto.js";
 import type { ServerDeps } from "../types.js";
+import { parseLimitParam } from "./params.js";
 import { parseJson, writeError, type Routes } from "./registry.js";
 
 export function registerPoliciesRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
@@ -28,10 +29,8 @@ export function registerPoliciesRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
 
   routes.set("GET /api/v1/policies", async (ctx) => {
     const params = ctx.url.searchParams;
-    const parsedLimit = Number(params.get("limit"));
+    const limit = parseLimitParam(params.get("limit"));
     const parsedOffset = Number(params.get("offset"));
-    const limit =
-      Number.isFinite(parsedLimit) && parsedLimit > 0 ? parsedLimit : 50;
     const offset =
       Number.isFinite(parsedOffset) && parsedOffset >= 0 ? parsedOffset : 0;
     const statusRaw = params.get("status");
@@ -267,10 +266,8 @@ export function registerPoliciesRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
 
   routes.set("GET /api/v1/world-models", async (ctx) => {
     const params = ctx.url.searchParams;
-    const parsedLimit = Number(params.get("limit"));
+    const limit = parseLimitParam(params.get("limit"));
     const parsedOffset = Number(params.get("offset"));
-    const limit =
-      Number.isFinite(parsedLimit) && parsedLimit > 0 ? parsedLimit : 50;
     const offset =
       Number.isFinite(parsedOffset) && parsedOffset >= 0 ? parsedOffset : 0;
     const q = params.get("q") || undefined;
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/session.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/session.ts
index 2bf3fc639..9ecee8793 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/session.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/session.ts
@@ -17,6 +17,7 @@ import {
   parseTaskStatusFilter,
 } from "../../agent-contract/episode-status.js";
 import type { ServerDeps } from "../types.js";
+import { parseLimitParam } from "./params.js";
 import { parseJson, writeError, type Routes } from "./registry.js";
 
 /**
@@ -77,9 +78,8 @@ export function registerSessionRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
     const ownerProfileId = ctx.url.searchParams.get("ownerProfileId") || undefined;
     const q = (ctx.url.searchParams.get("q") || "").trim().toLowerCase();
     const status = parseTaskStatusFilter(ctx.url.searchParams.get("status"));
-    const rawLimit = numberOrUndefined(ctx.url.searchParams.get("limit"));
     const rawOffset = numberOrUndefined(ctx.url.searchParams.get("offset"));
-    const limit = rawLimit && rawLimit > 0 ? rawLimit : 50;
+    const limit = parseLimitParam(ctx.url.searchParams.get("limit"));
     const offset = rawOffset && rawOffset >= 0 ? rawOffset : 0;
 
     // The legacy `?shape=ids` path is unaffected by `status` /
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/trace.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/trace.ts
index 7a8e742dd..96605554b 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/trace.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/server/routes/trace.ts
@@ -9,6 +9,7 @@
  */
 import type { EpisodeId, SessionId, TraceDTO } from "../../agent-contract/dto.js";
 import type { ServerDeps } from "../types.js";
+import { parseLimitParam } from "./params.js";
 import { parseJson, writeError, type Routes } from "./registry.js";
 
 export function registerTraceRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
@@ -29,9 +30,10 @@ export function registerTraceRoutes(routes: Routes, deps: ServerDeps): void {
    */
   routes.set("GET /api/v1/traces", async (ctx) => {
     const params = ctx.url.searchParams;
-    const parsedLimit = Number(params.get("limit"));
+    // Caller-supplied `limit` is untrusted — cap it at the documented
+    // max (500) instead of relying on the storage layer's bulk ceiling.
+    const limit = parseLimitParam(params.get("limit"));
     const parsedOffset = Number(params.get("offset"));
-    const limit = Number.isFinite(parsedLimit) && parsedLimit > 0 ? parsedLimit : 50;
     const offset = Number.isFinite(parsedOffset) && parsedOffset >= 0 ? parsedOffset : 0;
     const sessionId = params.get("sessionId") || undefined;
     const namespace = parseNamespace(params.get("namespace"));
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/pipeline/memory-core.test.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/pipeline/memory-core.test.ts
index 2759ae5bd..50120d1e1 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/pipeline/memory-core.test.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/pipeline/memory-core.test.ts
@@ -2856,3 +2856,89 @@ algorithm:
     expect(meta.reward?.traceIds).toEqual(["tr_real"]);
   });
 });
+
+// #2401 regression: metrics() reads `traces.list({ limit: 10_000 })` to
+// bucket the viewer's "memory writes per day" chart, but the storage layer
+// used to clamp every explicit limit to the 500-row default page. With 520
+// traces written "now" and 100 three days earlier, the clamped read only
+// saw the newest 500 rows — all from today — so the older day bucketed to
+// 0 (the chart showed nothing but the last ~2 days) and the `sessions`
+// card lost every but the newest session.
+describe("MemoryCore metrics sees beyond the 500-row page (#2401)", () => {
+  it("dailyWrites / sessions cover traces older than the newest 500", async () => {
+    pipeline = createPipeline(buildDeps(db!));
+    core = createMemoryCore(
+      pipeline,
+      resolveHome("openclaw", "/tmp/memos-mc-test"),
+      "test",
+    );
+    await core.init();
+
+    db!.repos.sessions.upsert({
+      id: "s-today",
+      agent: "openclaw",
+      startedAt: 1,
+      lastSeenAt: 1,
+      meta: {},
+    });
+    db!.repos.sessions.upsert({
+      id: "s-old",
+      agent: "openclaw",
+      startedAt: 1,
+      lastSeenAt: 1,
+      meta: {},
+    });
+    db!.repos.episodes.insert({
+      id: "e-bulk",
+      sessionId: "s-today",
+      startedAt: 1,
+      endedAt: null,
+      traceIds: [],
+      rTask: null,
+      status: "open",
+    });
+
+    const DAY = 86_400_000;
+    const now = Date.now();
+    const oldTs = now - 3 * DAY;
+    const seed = (i: number, ts: number, sessionId: string): void => {
+      db!.repos.traces.insert({
+        id: `tr-bulk-${i}`,
+        episodeId: "e-bulk",
+        sessionId,
+        ts,
+        userText: `user ${i}`,
+        agentText: `agent ${i}`,
+        summary: `summary ${i}`,
+        toolCalls: [],
+        value: 0,
+        alpha: 0,
+        priority: 0,
+        tags: [],
+        errorSignatures: [],
+        turnId: i,
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+      });
+    };
+    for (let i = 0; i < 520; i++) seed(i, now + i, "s-today");
+    for (let i = 520; i < 620; i++) seed(i, oldTs + i, "s-old");
+
+    const m = await core.metrics({ days: 7, includeAllNamespaces: true });
+
+    // metrics() derives day keys from the trace ts exactly like this
+    // (local midnight, serialized as a UTC ISO date). Mirroring the
+    // formula keeps this test independent of the host timezone.
+    const dayKey = (ms: number): string => {
+      const d = new Date(ms);
+      d.setHours(0, 0, 0, 0);
+      return d.toISOString().slice(0, 10);
+    };
+
+    expect(m.dailyWrites).toHaveLength(7);
+    const oldBucket = m.dailyWrites.find((b) => b.date === dayKey(oldTs));
+    expect(oldBucket?.count).toBe(100);
+    // Both sessions must be visible — the 500-clamped read only ever saw
+    // today's session.
+    expect(m.sessions).toBe(2);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/server/params.test.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/server/params.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..3c70672ff
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/server/params.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,43 @@
+import { describe, expect, it } from "vitest";
+
+import {
+  MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT,
+  parseLimitParam,
+} from "../../../server/routes/params.js";
+
+// Boundary cap for untrusted `limit` input: storage-level `clampLimit`
+// honors explicit limits up to MAX_QUERY_LIMIT (#2401), so routes must
+// keep caller-supplied page sizes at the 500-row ceiling these endpoints
+// had before that change — otherwise a `?limit=100000` request could pull
+// up to MAX_QUERY_LIMIT rows in one round-trip.
+describe("server/routes/params — parseLimitParam", () => {
+  it("falls back to the default for missing or invalid input", () => {
+    expect(parseLimitParam(null)).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam(undefined as unknown as null)).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("abc")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("0")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("-5")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("Infinity")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam(null, 20)).toBe(20);
+  });
+
+  it("accepts positive integers", () => {
+    expect(parseLimitParam("1")).toBe(1);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("50")).toBe(50);
+    expect(parseLimitParam(String(MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT))).toBe(
+      MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT,
+    );
+  });
+
+  it("clamps oversized values to MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT", () => {
+    expect(parseLimitParam("501")).toBe(MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("10000")).toBe(MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("1e9")).toBe(MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT);
+  });
+
+  it("truncates fractional values", () => {
+    expect(parseLimitParam("10.9")).toBe(10);
+    expect(parseLimitParam("500.5")).toBe(MAX_HTTP_PAGE_LIMIT);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/explicit-limit.test.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/explicit-limit.test.ts
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..4aec26e22
--- /dev/null
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/explicit-limit.test.ts
@@ -0,0 +1,112 @@
+import { describe, it, expect, beforeEach } from "vitest";
+import Database from "better-sqlite3";
+import { makeTracesRepo } from "../../../core/storage/repos/traces.js";
+import { clampLimit, MAX_QUERY_LIMIT } from "../../../core/storage/repos/_helpers.js";
+import type { TraceRow } from "../../../agent-contract/dto.js";
+
+// #2401 regression: an EXPLICIT `limit` must be honored (up to
+// MAX_QUERY_LIMIT) instead of being silently rewritten to the 500-row
+// default page. Before this fix `traces.list({ limit: 10_000 })` returned
+// at most 500 rows, so the viewer's "memory writes per day" chart only
+// ever saw the newest 500 traces (~2 days at typical volume) and the
+// `sessions` / `embeddings` cards undercounted. Omitting `limit` keeps the
+// 500-row default page — that contract is unchanged.
+describe("explicit list limits are honored (#2401)", () => {
+  let db: Database.Database;
+  let repo: ReturnType<typeof makeTracesRepo>;
+
+  beforeEach(() => {
+    db = new Database(":memory:");
+    db.exec(`
+      CREATE TABLE traces (
+        id TEXT PRIMARY KEY,
+        episode_id TEXT,
+        session_id TEXT NOT NULL,
+        owner_agent_kind TEXT,
+        owner_profile_id TEXT,
+        owner_workspace_id TEXT,
+        ts INTEGER NOT NULL,
+        user_text TEXT,
+        agent_text TEXT,
+        summary TEXT,
+        tool_calls_json TEXT,
+        reflection TEXT,
+        agent_thinking TEXT,
+        value REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        alpha REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        r_human REAL,
+        priority REAL NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        tags_json TEXT,
+        error_signatures_json TEXT,
+        vec_summary BLOB,
+        vec_action BLOB,
+        share_scope TEXT,
+        share_target TEXT,
+        shared_at INTEGER,
+        turn_id INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 0,
+        schema_version INTEGER NOT NULL DEFAULT 1
+      );
+      CREATE INDEX idx_traces_ts ON traces(ts);
+      CREATE INDEX idx_traces_episode_turn ON traces(episode_id, turn_id, ts);
+    `);
+    repo = makeTracesRepo(db);
+  });
+
+  it("clampLimit honors explicit limits up to MAX_QUERY_LIMIT", () => {
+    expect(clampLimit(10_000)).toBe(10_000);
+    expect(clampLimit(100_000)).toBe(MAX_QUERY_LIMIT);
+    // Beyond the ceiling: bounded, not rejected.
+    expect(clampLimit(250_000)).toBe(MAX_QUERY_LIMIT);
+    // Small explicit pages still work.
+    expect(clampLimit(5)).toBe(5);
+    // Invalid / missing input keeps the 500-row default page.
+    expect(clampLimit(0)).toBe(500);
+    expect(clampLimit(-5)).toBe(500);
+    expect(clampLimit(Number.NaN)).toBe(500);
+  });
+
+  it("list({ limit }) returns every row a bulk caller asked for", () => {
+    const DAY = 86_400_000;
+    const now = 1_700_000_000_000;
+    for (let i = 0; i < 600; i++) {
+      // Three distinct days so a day-bucketing caller (metrics) would see
+      // non-zero counts on days that fall outside the newest-500 window.
+      const ts = now - (i % 3) * DAY + i;
+      const trace: TraceRow = {
+        id: `trace-${i}`,
+        episodeId: "episode-1",
+        sessionId: `session-${i % 3}`,
+        ts,
+        userText: `user ${i}`,
+        agentText: `agent ${i}`,
+        summary: `summary ${i}`,
+        toolCalls: [],
+        value: 0,
+        alpha: 0,
+        priority: 0,
+        tags: [],
+        errorSignatures: [],
+        turnId: i,
+        schemaVersion: 1,
+      };
+      repo.insert(trace);
+    }
+
+    // Bulk read used by metrics(): must see all 600 rows, not 500.
+    const bulk = repo.list({ limit: 10_000 });
+    expect(bulk).toHaveLength(600);
+
+    // …and the rows it previously lost were the OLDEST ones (newest-first
+    // ordering), which is exactly what emptied the left side of the
+    // viewer's daily-writes chart.
+    const oldestVisible = Math.min(...bulk.map((t) => t.ts));
+    // Smallest seeded ts is `now - 2*DAY + 2` (i === 2, 5, 8, …).
+    expect(oldestVisible).toBe(now - 2 * DAY + 2);
+    const distinctDays = new Set(bulk.map((t) => Math.floor(t.ts / DAY)));
+    expect(distinctDays.size).toBe(3);
+
+    // The implicit default page stays 500 rows — callers that omit
+    // `limit` keep their existing behavior.
+    expect(repo.list()).toHaveLength(500);
+  });
+});
diff --git a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/traces-count.test.ts b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/traces-count.test.ts
index 888d691aa..841dd14ad 100644
--- a/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/traces-count.test.ts
+++ b/apps/memos-local-plugin/tests/unit/storage/traces-count.test.ts
@@ -71,13 +71,15 @@ describe("traces count with > 500 items", () => {
     const count = repo.count();
     expect(count).toBe(600);
 
-    // Verify list with no limit still caps at 500
+    // Verify list with no limit still caps at 500 (default page)
     const listed = repo.list({});
     expect(listed.length).toBe(500);
 
-    // Verify list with explicit high limit also caps at 500
+    // Verify an explicit high limit is honored up to MAX_QUERY_LIMIT
+    // (#2401) — bulk callers (metrics, maintenance sweeps) must see every
+    // row they asked for instead of the 500-row default page.
     const listedWithLimit = repo.list({ limit: 10000 });
-    expect(listedWithLimit.length).toBe(500);
+    expect(listedWithLimit.length).toBe(600);
   });
 
   it("countTurns() should return accurate count > 500", () => {