diff --git a/CHANGELOG.md b/CHANGELOG.md
index b500f1dec9..5f50126038 100644
--- a/CHANGELOG.md
+++ b/CHANGELOG.md
@@ -69,6 +69,8 @@ END_UNRELEASED_TEMPLATE
 ### Added
 * (runfiles) Added a pathlib-compatible API: {obj}`Runfiles.root()`
   Fixes [#3296](https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_python/issues/3296).
+* (gazelle) Support alias_kind directive.
+  Fixes [#3183](https://github.com/bazel-contrib/rules_python/issues/3183).
 * (toolchains) `3.13.12`, `3.14.3` Python toolchain from [20260325] release.
 * (toolchains) `3.10.20`, `3.11.15`, `3.12.13`, `3.13.13` `3.14.4`, `3.15.0a8`
 * Python toolchain from [20260414] release.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/generate.go b/gazelle/python/generate.go
index 2495c42d20..7e3cd8ad69 100644
--- a/gazelle/python/generate.go
+++ b/gazelle/python/generate.go
@@ -48,13 +48,21 @@ var (
 	buildFilenames = []string{"BUILD", "BUILD.bazel"}
 )
 
-func GetActualKindName(kind string, args language.GenerateArgs) string {
-	if kindOverride, ok := args.Config.KindMap[kind]; ok {
-		return kindOverride.KindName
+// Returns the mapped kind, or kind if no mapping is configured with the map_kind directive.
+func getMappedKind(c *config.Config, kind string) string {
+	if mapped, ok := c.KindMap[kind]; ok {
+		return mapped.KindName
 	}
 	return kind
 }
 
+// kindMatches returns whether r matches the canonical Python rule kind `expected`, respecting `# gazelle:map_kind` and
+// `# gazelle:alias_kind` directives in the config.Config c.
+func kindMatches(c *config.Config, r *rule.Rule, expected string) bool {
+	kind := r.Kind()
+	return kind == getMappedKind(c, expected) || c.AliasMap[kind] == expected
+}
+
 func matchesAnyGlob(s string, globs []string) bool {
 	// This function assumes that the globs have already been validated. If a glob is
 	// invalid, it's considered a non-match and we move on to the next pattern.
@@ -112,10 +120,6 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 		}
 	}
 
-	actualPyBinaryKind := GetActualKindName(pyBinaryKind, args)
-	actualPyLibraryKind := GetActualKindName(pyLibraryKind, args)
-	actualPyTestKind := GetActualKindName(pyTestKind, args)
-
 	pythonProjectRoot := cfg.PythonProjectRoot()
 
 	packageName := filepath.Base(args.Dir)
@@ -283,10 +287,10 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 			sort.Strings(mainFileNames)
 			for _, filename := range mainFileNames {
 				pyBinaryTargetName := strings.TrimSuffix(filepath.Base(filename), ".py")
-				if err := ensureNoCollision(args.File, pyBinaryTargetName, actualPyBinaryKind); err != nil {
+				if err := ensureNoCollision(args.Config, args.File, pyBinaryTargetName, pyBinaryKind); err != nil {
 					fqTarget := label.New("", args.Rel, pyBinaryTargetName)
 					log.Printf("failed to generate target %q of kind %q: %v",
-						fqTarget.String(), actualPyBinaryKind, err)
+						fqTarget.String(), getMappedKind(args.Config, pyBinaryKind), err)
 					continue
 				}
 
@@ -316,7 +320,7 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 			}
 			generateEmptyLibrary := false
 			for _, r := range args.File.Rules {
-				if r.Kind() == actualPyLibraryKind && r.Name() == pyLibraryTargetName {
+				if r.Name() == pyLibraryTargetName && kindMatches(args.Config, r, pyLibraryKind) {
 					generateEmptyLibrary = true
 				}
 			}
@@ -332,11 +336,11 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 		// exists, and if it is of a different kind from the one we are
 		// generating. If so, we have to throw an error since Gazelle won't
 		// generate it correctly.
-		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.File, pyLibraryTargetName, actualPyLibraryKind); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.Config, args.File, pyLibraryTargetName, pyLibraryKind); err != nil {
 			fqTarget := label.New("", args.Rel, pyLibraryTargetName)
 			err := fmt.Errorf("failed to generate target %q of kind %q: %w. "+
 				"Use the '# gazelle:%s' directive to change the naming convention.",
-				fqTarget.String(), actualPyLibraryKind, err, pythonconfig.LibraryNamingConvention)
+				fqTarget.String(), getMappedKind(args.Config, pyLibraryKind), err, pythonconfig.LibraryNamingConvention)
 			collisionErrors.Add(err)
 		}
 
@@ -386,11 +390,11 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 		// exists, and if it is of a different kind from the one we are
 		// generating. If so, we have to throw an error since Gazelle won't
 		// generate it correctly.
-		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.File, pyBinaryTargetName, actualPyBinaryKind); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.Config, args.File, pyBinaryTargetName, pyBinaryKind); err != nil {
 			fqTarget := label.New("", args.Rel, pyBinaryTargetName)
 			err := fmt.Errorf("failed to generate target %q of kind %q: %w. "+
 				"Use the '# gazelle:%s' directive to change the naming convention.",
-				fqTarget.String(), actualPyBinaryKind, err, pythonconfig.BinaryNamingConvention)
+				fqTarget.String(), getMappedKind(args.Config, pyBinaryKind), err, pythonconfig.BinaryNamingConvention)
 			collisionErrors.Add(err)
 		}
 
@@ -425,10 +429,10 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 		// exists, and if it is of a different kind from the one we are
 		// generating. If so, we have to throw an error since Gazelle won't
 		// generate it correctly.
-		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.File, conftestTargetname, actualPyLibraryKind); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.Config, args.File, conftestTargetname, pyLibraryKind); err != nil {
 			fqTarget := label.New("", args.Rel, conftestTargetname)
 			err := fmt.Errorf("failed to generate target %q of kind %q: %w. ",
-				fqTarget.String(), actualPyLibraryKind, err)
+				fqTarget.String(), getMappedKind(args.Config, pyLibraryKind), err)
 			collisionErrors.Add(err)
 		}
 
@@ -462,11 +466,11 @@ func (py *Python) GenerateRules(args language.GenerateArgs) language.GenerateRes
 		// exists, and if it is of a different kind from the one we are
 		// generating. If so, we have to throw an error since Gazelle won't
 		// generate it correctly.
-		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.File, pyTestTargetName, actualPyTestKind); err != nil {
+		if err := ensureNoCollision(args.Config, args.File, pyTestTargetName, pyTestKind); err != nil {
 			fqTarget := label.New("", args.Rel, pyTestTargetName)
 			err := fmt.Errorf("failed to generate target %q of kind %q: %w. "+
 				"Use the '# gazelle:%s' directive to change the naming convention.",
-				fqTarget.String(), actualPyTestKind, err, pythonconfig.TestNamingConvention)
+				fqTarget.String(), getMappedKind(args.Config, pyTestKind), err, pythonconfig.TestNamingConvention)
 			collisionErrors.Add(err)
 		}
 
@@ -575,8 +579,7 @@ func (py *Python) getRulesWithInvalidSrcs(args language.GenerateArgs, validFiles
 		return strings.HasPrefix(src, "@") || strings.HasPrefix(src, "//") || strings.HasPrefix(src, ":")
 	}
 	for _, existingRule := range args.File.Rules {
-		actualPyBinaryKind := GetActualKindName(pyBinaryKind, args)
-		if existingRule.Kind() != actualPyBinaryKind {
+		if !kindMatches(args.Config, existingRule, pyBinaryKind) {
 			continue
 		}
 		var hasValidSrcs bool
@@ -652,12 +655,12 @@ func isEntrypointFile(path string) bool {
 	}
 }
 
-func ensureNoCollision(file *rule.File, targetName, kind string) error {
+func ensureNoCollision(c *config.Config, file *rule.File, targetName, kind string) error {
 	if file == nil {
 		return nil
 	}
 	for _, t := range file.Rules {
-		if t.Name() == targetName && t.Kind() != kind {
+		if t.Name() == targetName && !kindMatches(c, t, kind) {
 			return fmt.Errorf("a target of kind %q with the same name already exists", t.Kind())
 		}
 	}
@@ -680,7 +683,7 @@ func generateProtoLibraries(args language.GenerateArgs, cfg *pythonconfig.Config
 	pyProtoRulesForProto := map[string]string{}
 	if args.File != nil {
 		for _, r := range args.File.Rules {
-			if r.Kind() == "py_proto_library" {
+			if kindMatches(args.Config, r, pyProtoLibraryKind) {
 				pyProtoRules[r.Name()] = false
 
 				protos := r.AttrStrings("deps")
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.in b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63ca6b805f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.in
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# gazelle:map_kind py_library my_lib :mytest.bzl
+# gazelle:map_kind py_binary my_bin :mytest.bzl
+# gazelle:map_kind py_test my_test :mytest.bzl
+
+py_library(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail")
+
+py_binary(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail_bin")
+
+py_test(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail_test")
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.out b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..63ca6b805f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/BUILD.out
@@ -0,0 +1,9 @@
+# gazelle:map_kind py_library my_lib :mytest.bzl
+# gazelle:map_kind py_binary my_bin :mytest.bzl
+# gazelle:map_kind py_test my_test :mytest.bzl
+
+py_library(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail")
+
+py_binary(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail_bin")
+
+py_test(name = "naming_convention_mapped_fail_test")
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/README.md b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..85a561c575
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Naming convention fail with `map_kind`
+
+This test case asserts that collision error messages reference the mapped rule
+kind over than the canonical Python kind when using `# gazelle:map_kind`.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/WORKSPACE b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faff6af87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This is a Bazel workspace for the Gazelle test data.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__init__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a75c47faaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Empty test file.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__main__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__main__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a75c47faaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__main__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Empty test file.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__test__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__test__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..a75c47faaf
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/__test__.py
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# Empty test file.
\ No newline at end of file
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/test.yaml b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..bc6c083329
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/naming_convention_mapped_fail/test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+---
+expect:
+  exit_code: 1
+  stderr: |
+    gazelle: ERROR: failed to generate target "//:naming_convention_mapped_fail" of kind "my_lib": a target of kind "py_library" with the same name already exists. Use the '# gazelle:python_library_naming_convention' directive to change the naming convention.
+    gazelle: ERROR: failed to generate target "//:naming_convention_mapped_fail_bin" of kind "my_bin": a target of kind "py_binary" with the same name already exists. Use the '# gazelle:python_binary_naming_convention' directive to change the naming convention.
+    gazelle: ERROR: failed to generate target "//:naming_convention_mapped_fail_test" of kind "my_test": a target of kind "py_test" with the same name already exists. Use the '# gazelle:python_test_naming_convention' directive to change the naming convention.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.in b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..06ebfbdfa3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.in
@@ -0,0 +1,16 @@
+load(":mylib.bzl", "my_py_library")
+
+# gazelle:alias_kind my_py_library py_library
+# gazelle:map_kind py_test my_test :mytest.bzl
+
+my_py_library(
+    name = "respect_alias_and_map_kind",
+    srcs = ["__init__.py"],
+)
+
+my_test(
+    name = "respect_alias_and_map_kind_test",
+    srcs = ["__test__.py"],
+    main = "__test__.py",
+    deps = [],
+)
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.out b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..6c7eee06e3
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/BUILD.out
@@ -0,0 +1,21 @@
+load(":mylib.bzl", "my_py_library")
+load(":mytest.bzl", "my_test")
+
+# gazelle:alias_kind my_py_library py_library
+# gazelle:map_kind py_test my_test :mytest.bzl
+
+my_py_library(
+    name = "respect_alias_and_map_kind",
+    srcs = [
+        "__init__.py",
+        "foo.py",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//:__subpackages__"],
+)
+
+my_test(
+    name = "respect_alias_and_map_kind_test",
+    srcs = ["__test__.py"],
+    main = "__test__.py",
+    deps = [":respect_alias_and_map_kind"],
+)
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/README.md b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..5e5ca20d27
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Respect `alias_kind` and `map_kind`
+
+This test case asserts that `# gazelle:alias_kind` and `# gazelle:map_kind` are
+both respected as the expected kind at once and do not collide.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/WORKSPACE b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faff6af87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This is a Bazel workspace for the Gazelle test data.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__init__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b274b0d921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from foo import foo
+
+_ = foo
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__test__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__test__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2b180a5f53
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/__test__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,26 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+import unittest
+
+from __init__ import foo
+
+
+class FooTest(unittest.TestCase):
+    def test_foo(self):
+        self.assertEqual("foo", foo())
+
+
+if __name__ == "__main__":
+    unittest.main()
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/foo.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f049df738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+def foo():
+    return "foo"
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/test.yaml b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2410223e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_and_map_kind/test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+---
+expect:
+  exit_code: 0
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.in b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.in
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3dc5ca7151
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.in
@@ -0,0 +1,8 @@
+load(":mylib.bzl", "my_py_library")
+
+# gazelle:alias_kind my_py_library py_library
+
+my_py_library(
+    name = "respect_alias_kind",
+    srcs = ["__init__.py"],
+)
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.out b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.out
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..9e65a95923
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/BUILD.out
@@ -0,0 +1,12 @@
+load(":mylib.bzl", "my_py_library")
+
+# gazelle:alias_kind my_py_library py_library
+
+my_py_library(
+    name = "respect_alias_kind",
+    srcs = [
+        "__init__.py",
+        "foo.py",
+    ],
+    visibility = ["//:__subpackages__"],
+)
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/README.md b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/README.md
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..d0d8702106
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/README.md
@@ -0,0 +1,4 @@
+# Respect `alias_kind`
+
+This test case asserts that Gazelle updates the existing wrapper-macro rule
+declared with `# gazelle:alias_kind` in place instead of reporting a collision.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/WORKSPACE b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/WORKSPACE
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..faff6af87a
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/WORKSPACE
@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+# This is a Bazel workspace for the Gazelle test data.
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/__init__.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/__init__.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..b274b0d921
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/__init__.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+from foo import foo
+
+_ = foo
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/foo.py b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/foo.py
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..3f049df738
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/foo.py
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+
+def foo():
+    return "foo"
diff --git a/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/test.yaml b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/test.yaml
new file mode 100644
index 0000000000..2410223e59
--- /dev/null
+++ b/gazelle/python/testdata/respect_alias_kind/test.yaml
@@ -0,0 +1,17 @@
+# Copyright 2023 The Bazel Authors. All rights reserved.
+#
+# Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+# you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+# You may obtain a copy of the License at
+#
+#     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+#
+# Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+# distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+# WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+# See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+# limitations under the License.
+
+---
+expect:
+  exit_code: 0