Adapt to Debian 11 (bullseye) EOL LTS exit on 2026-08-31

[MikeMcC399]

Situation

Debian distro parameters

Debian bullseye reaches the end of its 5-year lifecycle on Aug 31, 2026.

Docker node usage

versions.json defines usage of bullseye in Node.js 22, 24 and 26.

Change needed

### Deprecation

Deprecate bullseye Docker images in documentation.

Removal

After the end of bullseye LTS on 2026-08-31:

• remove bullseye* from versions.json
• remove bullseye and bullseye-slim from architectures
• remove 22/bullseye* 24/bullseye* 26/bullseye* directories to remove bullseye and bullseye-slim
• remove bullseye from documentation

[MikeMcC399]

• docs: deprecate bullseye (end of 5 year lifecycle on 2026-08-31) #2560

[MikeMcC399]

See PR #2617