Deprecate McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound (-32002) and use McpErrorCode.InvalidParams (-32602) per SEP-2164

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/McpErrorCode.cs

@@ -9,9 +9,16 @@ public enum McpErrorCode
     /// Indicates that the requested resource could not be found.
     /// </summary>
     /// <remarks>
-    /// This error should be used when a resource URI does not match any available resource on the server.
-    /// It allows clients to distinguish between missing resources and other types of errors.
+    /// <para>
+    /// Deprecated per SEP-2164 (MCP spec 2026-06-30). Use <see cref="InvalidParams"/> (-32602) instead,
+    /// which is the standard JSON-RPC code for unknown or unresolvable resource URIs.
+    /// </para>
+    /// <para>
+    /// This value (-32002) is retained for backward compatibility with pre-2026-06-30 clients and servers,
+    /// but new code should use <see cref="InvalidParams"/>.
+    /// </para>
     /// </remarks>
+    [Obsolete("ResourceNotFound (-32002) is deprecated per SEP-2164. Use McpErrorCode.InvalidParams (-32602) instead.")]
     ResourceNotFound = -32002,
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -65,6 +72,7 @@ public enum McpErrorCode
     /// <list type="bullet">
     /// <item><description><b>Tools</b>: Unknown tool name or invalid protocol-level tool arguments.</description></item>
     /// <item><description><b>Prompts</b>: Unknown prompt name or missing required protocol-level arguments.</description></item>
+    /// <item><description><b>Resources</b>: Unknown or unresolvable resource URI.</description></item>
     /// <item><description><b>Pagination</b>: Invalid or expired cursor values.</description></item>
     /// <item><description><b>Logging</b>: Invalid log level.</description></item>
     /// <item><description><b>Tasks</b>: Invalid or nonexistent task ID or invalid cursor.</description></item>

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/McpProtocolException.cs

@@ -76,7 +76,7 @@ public McpProtocolException(string message, Exception? innerException, McpErrorC
     /// <item><description>-32700: Parse error - Invalid JSON received</description></item>
     /// <item><description>-32600: Invalid request - The JSON is not a valid Request object</description></item>
     /// <item><description>-32601: Method not found - The method does not exist or is not available</description></item>
-    /// <item><description>-32602: Invalid params - Malformed request or unknown primitive name (tool/prompt/resource)</description></item>
+    /// <item><description>-32602: Invalid params - Malformed request, unknown primitive name (tool/prompt/resource), or unresolvable resource URI</description></item>
     /// <item><description>-32603: Internal error - Internal JSON-RPC error</description></item>
     /// </list>
     /// </remarks>

src/ModelContextProtocol.Core/Server/McpServerImpl.cs

@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ subscribeHandler is null && unsubscribeHandler is null && resources is null &&
 
         listResourcesHandler ??= (static async (_, __) => new ListResourcesResult());
         listResourceTemplatesHandler ??= (static async (_, __) => new ListResourceTemplatesResult());
-        readResourceHandler ??= (static async (request, _) => throw new McpProtocolException($"Unknown resource URI: '{request.Params?.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound));
+        readResourceHandler ??= (static async (request, _) => throw new McpProtocolException($"Unknown resource URI: '{request.Params?.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams));
         subscribeHandler ??= (static async (_, __) => new EmptyResult());
         unsubscribeHandler ??= (static async (_, __) => new EmptyResult());
         var listChanged = resourcesCapability?.ListChanged;

tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestServer/Program.cs

@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ private static void ConfigureResources(McpServerOptions options)
             }
 
             ResourceContents contents = resourceContents.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Uri == request.Params.Uri)
-                ?? throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: '{request.Params.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound);
+                ?? throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: '{request.Params.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams);
 
             return new ReadResourceResult
             {

tests/ModelContextProtocol.TestSseServer/Program.cs

@@ -307,7 +307,7 @@ static CreateMessageRequestParams CreateRequestSamplingParams(string context, st
                 }
 
                 ResourceContents? contents = resourceContents.FirstOrDefault(r => r.Uri == request.Params.Uri) ??
-                    throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: '{request.Params.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound);
+                    throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: '{request.Params.Uri}'", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams);
 
                 return new ReadResourceResult
                 {

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Configuration/McpServerBuilderExtensionsResourcesTests.cs

@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ protected override void ConfigureServices(ServiceCollection services, IMcpServer
                     };
             }
 
-            throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: {request.Params.Uri}", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound);
+            throw new McpProtocolException($"Resource not found: {request.Params.Uri}", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams);
         })
         .WithResources<SimpleResources>();
     }
@@ -317,7 +317,7 @@ public async Task Throws_Exception_On_Unknown_Resource()
             cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
 
         Assert.Contains("Resource not found", e.Message);
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, e.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, e.ErrorCode);
     }
 
     [Fact]

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Configuration/McpServerResourceRoutingTests.cs

@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ private async Task AssertNoMatchAsync(
         var ex = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpProtocolException>(async () =>
             await client.ReadResourceAsync(uri, null, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
 
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, ex.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, ex.ErrorCode);
     }
 
     /// <summary>
@@ -92,7 +92,7 @@ public async Task MultipleTemplatedResources_MatchesCorrectResource()
 
         // Literal template braces in URI should not match (template literal is not a valid URI)
         var mcpEx = await Assert.ThrowsAsync<McpProtocolException>(async () => await client.ReadResourceAsync("test://params{?a1,a2,a3}", null, TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, mcpEx.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, mcpEx.ErrorCode);
         Assert.Equal("Request failed (remote): Unknown resource URI: 'test://params{?a1,a2,a3}'", mcpEx.Message);
     }
 

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/McpProtocolExceptionDataTests.cs

@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@ protected override void ConfigureServices(ServiceCollection services, IMcpServer
             switch (toolName)
             {
                 case "throw_with_serializable_data":
-                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound)
+                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams)
                     {
                         Data =
                         {
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ protected override void ConfigureServices(ServiceCollection services, IMcpServer
                     };
 
                 case "throw_with_nonserializable_data":
-                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound)
+                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams)
                     {
                         Data =
                         {
@@ -55,7 +55,7 @@ protected override void ConfigureServices(ServiceCollection services, IMcpServer
                     };
 
                 case "throw_with_only_nonserializable_data":
-                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound)
+                    throw new McpProtocolException("Resource not found", McpErrorCode.InvalidParams)
                     {
                         Data =
                         {
@@ -79,7 +79,7 @@ public async Task Exception_With_Serializable_Data_Propagates_To_Client()
             await client.CallToolAsync("throw_with_serializable_data", cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
 
         Assert.Equal("Request failed (remote): Resource not found", exception.Message);
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, exception.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, exception.ErrorCode);
 
         // Verify the data was propagated to the exception
         // The Data collection should contain the expected keys
@@ -113,7 +113,7 @@ public async Task Exception_With_NonSerializable_Data_Still_Propagates_Error_To_
             await client.CallToolAsync("throw_with_nonserializable_data", cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
 
         Assert.Equal("Request failed (remote): Resource not found", exception.Message);
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, exception.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, exception.ErrorCode);
 
         // Verify that only the serializable data was propagated (non-serializable was filtered out)
         var hasUri = false;
@@ -142,7 +142,7 @@ public async Task Exception_With_Only_NonSerializable_Data_Still_Propagates_Erro
             await client.CallToolAsync("throw_with_only_nonserializable_data", cancellationToken: TestContext.Current.CancellationToken));
 
         Assert.Equal("Request failed (remote): Resource not found", exception.Message);
-        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound, exception.ErrorCode);
+        Assert.Equal(McpErrorCode.InvalidParams, exception.ErrorCode);
 
         // When all data is non-serializable, the Data collection should be empty
         // (the server's ConvertExceptionData returns null when no serializable data exists)

tests/ModelContextProtocol.Tests/Server/McpServerTests.cs

@@ -1033,7 +1033,7 @@ await transport.SendMessageAsync(
     public async Task Can_Handle_Call_Tool_Requests_With_McpProtocolException_And_Data()
     {
         const string ErrorMessage = "Resource not found";
-        const McpErrorCode ErrorCode = McpErrorCode.ResourceNotFound;
+        const McpErrorCode ErrorCode = McpErrorCode.InvalidParams;
         const string ResourceUri = "file:///path/to/resource";
 
         await using var transport = new TestServerTransport();