collector: add tainted collector for /proc/sys/kernel/tainted

[arunsrini3082]

Summary

Add a tainted collector that exposes kernel taint flags from
/proc/sys/kernel/tainted as Prometheus metrics.

This revives the idea originally proposed in #1567. The review feedback
from that PR has been addressed:

• Parsing is moved to the prometheus/procfs library (companion PR:
  procfs: add KernelTainted() to parse /proc/sys/kernel/tainted procfs#844)
• Metric uses labels instead of one metric per bit:
  node_kernel_tainted{bit="14", flag="L"} 1

Metrics

node_kernel_tainted{bit="14", flag="L"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="12", flag="O"} 1

One series per known taint bit (20 total), value 0 or 1.
Disabled by default — enable with --collector.tainted.

Dependencies

⚠️ This PR depends on prometheus/procfs#844 being merged first.
The go.mod procfs version will be bumped before merging once
that PR is released.

Reference

https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.html

[arunsrini3082]

Both procfs PRs are now merged:

#844 — KernelTainted() implementation
#847 — fix linux build tag (was !windows, caused crossbuild failures on OpenBSD/NetBSD/DragonFly/Solaris)

No new procfs release has been cut yet, so I've temporarily pinned go.mod to the merged commit pseudo-version to unblock CI. Will update to the proper release tag once available.

[arunsrini3082]

Built and tested in our environment. All 20 taint flags are correctly exposed:

vasudeva.sk:~/kernel_taints$ curl -s 0:9100/metrics | grep node_kernel_tainted
# HELP node_kernel_tainted Taint flags set on the running Linux kernel, as reported by /proc/sys/kernel/tainted. Value is 1 if the flag is set, 0 otherwise. See https://www.kernel.org/doc/html/latest/admin-guide/tainted-kernels.html for flag meanings.
# TYPE node_kernel_tainted gauge
node_kernel_tainted{bit="0",flag="P"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="1",flag="F"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="2",flag="S"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="3",flag="R"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="4",flag="M"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="5",flag="B"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="6",flag="U"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="7",flag="D"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="8",flag="A"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="9",flag="W"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="10",flag="C"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="11",flag="I"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="12",flag="O"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="13",flag="E"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="14",flag="L"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="15",flag="K"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="16",flag="X"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="17",flag="T"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="18",flag="N"} 0
node_kernel_tainted{bit="19",flag="J"} 0

This is on a clean kernel (all flags 0). The collector is working as expected.

[nicolastakashi]

blocking: this pins procfs to an untagged pseudo-version (v0.21.2-0.20260717070424-0cd18237af6e). Rebase onto master and point to a tagged release once one includes #844/#847. Can't merge on an untagged commit.

[arunsrini3082]

Waiting on procfs release for #844/#847; will update go.mod once tagged.

[arunsrini3082]

Blocked on a tagged procfs release for KernelTainted() (#844) and the linux build-tag fix (#847).

Tracking: prometheus/procfs#859

Will update go.mod to the tagged release once published.

[nicolastakashi]

@arunsrini3082 can you check failing ci?

[arunsrini3082]

@arunsrini3082 can you check failing ci?

Only DragonFly fails, and it fails at the dependency installation step (sudo exit code 100) before any tests run. FreeBSD, OpenBSD, NetBSD, Solaris, and Darwin/MacOS all pass. This is a DragonFly VM runner issue on AnyVM.org, not related to this PR. The tainted collector has //go:build linux so it doesn't affect any BSD target anyway.