Improve the core Schedule CLI experience

[rossnelson]

Summary

• Add focused temporal schedule patch operations for notes, policy, state, cadence, timing, and workflow-action fields.
• Preserve omitted fields and add bounded conflict retries with truthful submission and output-error handling.
• Correct Schedule create priority handling and test Schedule update replacement behavior.

schedule-patch-demo.mp4

Test plan

• go test ./internal/temporalcli -count=1
• go test ./... -count=1
• make gen produces byte-identical output
• make build